常有同學問我:『老師,我是全職考生,我是不是要拿一個時段來好好背單字呢?』『老師,你有推薦的單字書嗎?』『老師,我檢討TPO時,會花很多時間把單字都一個個查出來,這樣好嗎?』
通常想到托福/GMAT,就想到大量的專有名詞,因此在開始準備托福時,先背大量的單字看似應該非常合乎邏輯才對。
而我們從小太用功所養成的一種"好習慣",就是看到單字必查,還要做個筆記,寫下字典裡面高達七八種不同的用法。我們從小被英文老師"訓練"得很好,彷彿看到單字,不查個水落石出會心癢難耐、渾身不對勁。
照理說,每背一個單字,應該又離夢想更進一步了,那麼又為什麼要叫同學不要再背單字了呢?
其實同學可以想想看,我們一輩子花了多少歲月在背單字,從國小、國中、高中,甚至到大學、研究所,一路上花在背單字的時間總共多少?應該有好幾百、幾千個小時了吧?
但是每背完一個單字,你覺得你有對英文更有信心一些嗎?
是不是其實反而有些不安,你會覺得『哇!一個單字意思就這麼多種了,那我要到什麼時候才能夠全部記得呢?』而且還會擔心那下次看到或聽到這個單字時,不知道有沒有辦法記得起來。
為什麼要你停止背單字呢?
從考試設計的面向來看,托福一篇考你幾個單字?14題裡面出個3題。
而GMAT的verbal也沒有單字題。
也就是說背單字的能力並不是考試要考你的主要能力,好的閱讀能力,理解句意的能力才是在有限時間內拿高分的關鍵。要有好的閱讀能力,就必須先培養超強的猜單字能力。
但是當你每背一個單字,其實就喪失了一個猜字的機會,喪失了一次獲得信心的機會,這時候你將永遠停留在努力拼湊每個字的意思,試圖理解每個字的意思這樣的階段。你這麼努力背單字,培養了大量的單字能力,以及不弱的記憶力。但不幸地,考試是有時間限制的,無法給你那麼長的時間,仔細回想,推敲每個單字的意思,細讀每句話。閱讀時,在想單字意思時,你感覺到時間滴滴答答,一分一秒流逝,在做聽力時,你在努力回想單字意思時,下句重點剛好沒聽到而飲恨。
因此,從現在起,培養超強的猜單字能力才是王道!
猜單字的能力,簡稱『猜字』能力,一來能為你省下大量的時間,直接找到句子重點,二來能夠培養信心,而信心是拿高分的關鍵。
因此,今天來談談一些面對單字的心態,以及方法吧!
正確心態:
同學,試想想,為什麼考試都會有大量的單字呢?其實你可以把每個單字都視為一個干擾物,像是路上的小碎石一樣。走路時,碰到了一碎石,難道就停下來,把小碎石移開,再繼續走嗎?路還是得走嘛!上學、上班要遲到了,哪有空理會小碎石,直接跳過,當作沒看見。
這就是你面對單字時應該有的心態,可跳過就跳過,不能跳過就代入,單字不應影響你的閱讀,更不應該影響你的信心,理解整句話的意思,繼續閱讀下一句話才是重點呀!
面對單字的好方法:
方法一:跳過
當你遇到單字時,找附近相近的意思。如:A and/or B,當你判斷兩者是類似意思時,在換句話說時,可以擇其一理解,不需要兩者都看,如此便能節省很多時間。
舉例:以下這句話,你是否有遇到單字呢?試著跳過,並且不要被任何一個單字給干擾。
Unlike formal statues that are limited to static poses of standing, sitting, and kneeling, these figures depict a wide range of actions, such as grinding grain, baking bread, producing pots, and making music, and they are shown in appropriate poses, bending and squatting as they carry out their tasks.
Unlike formal statues that are limited to static poses of standing, sitting, and kneeling, these figures depict a wide range of actions, such as grinding grain, baking bread, producing pots, and making music, and they are shown in appropriate poses, bending and squatting as they carry out their tasks.
假設你不懂以上這三個字,你可以怎麼跳過?
我當然就會改抓以下這幾個字,其餘直接跳過。
Unlike formal statues that are limited to static poses of standing, sitting, and kneeling, these figures depict a wide range of actions, such as grinding grain, baking bread, producing pots, and making music, and they are shown in appropriate poses, bending and squatting as they carry out their tasks.
這樣你會發現即使有單字,仍然不影響你理解句意。
方法二:代入
當你遇到單字時,也可以用簡單的意思代入,繼續理解句意。你想的意思不需要完全正確,只要不影響你的理解即可。可以試著觀察前後句,去猜單字的態度,偏正面或是負面,然後選字代入。
我們來看這個例子:試著代入你不會的單字。
He then set up experiments with caged starlings and found that their orientation was, in fact, in the proper migratory direction except when the sky was overcast, at which times there was no clear direction to their restless movements. Kramer surmised, therefore, that they were orienting according to the position of the Sun.
假設你不會以下這幾個字,你會代什麼字呢?
He then set up experiments with caged starlings and found that their orientation was, in fact, in the proper migratory direction except when the sky was overcast, at which times there was no clear direction to their restless movements. Kramer surmised, therefore, that they were orienting according to the position of the Sun.
我會用下列字代替:
He then set up experiments with caged starlings(birds) and found that their orientation was, in fact, in the proper migratory direction except when the sky was overcast(因為我看到了後面那句話的no clear direction因此會用dark代入), at which times there was no clear direction to their restless movements. Kramer surmised(proposed), therefore, that they were orienting according to the position of the Sun.
再看一個例子:根據上下文,你會用什麼字代替preposterous呢?
They seemed to be using the Sun as a compass to determine direction. At the time, this idea seemed preposterous. How could a bird navigate by the Sun when some of us lose our way with road maps? Obviously, more testing was in order.
They seemed to be using the Sun as a compass to determine direction. At the time, this idea seemed preposterous. How could a bird navigate by the Sun when some of us lose our way with road maps? Obviously, more testing was in order.
由於我看到了more testing was needed這個訊息,我會用unbelievable代替。
因此,下次當你背單字的強迫症發作時,尤其是剛戰完GRE的朋友們會有的後遺症呀,請停止背單字,而是開始猜單字!你越會猜字,不只托福的單字題會考得好,閱讀整體分數能提升,連同其他科目,聽、說、寫,分數都能夠進步喔!
因為你會發現你遇到單字,不再遲疑、不再花時間想,而是充滿信心,輕鬆跳過、代入,依然理解句意。
記住,在準備考試時,對的方法,應該要能夠讓你感覺很舒服,在執行的時候,應該會越來越有信心,而不是越來越不安。
所以當你懷疑自己是否用對方法準備考試時,只要用心感受看看,你有沒有每天隨著練習,增強一些些信心呢?If yes, then congrats! you are on the right track!
而假如答案是否定的,那麼也別灰心,只要稍微調整方向以及準備考試的心態,就能夠每天隨著答題率增高,越來越有信心囉!